What’s the science happening when pipes freeze?
This is a physics question. Whenever the temperature drops and the weather is cold enough, the tendency for water is to freeze at 32°F (0°C). However, something special happens when that water inside a closed system, like a pipe. When water freezes, it expands. But the pressurized water in a pipe has no where to grow. So for a while, there’s a tug-o-war between the tendency to freeze and the growing pressure that won’t allow it to freeze. However, when the outside air is cold enough, it will win that fight and freeze the water inside. As you can imagine, when enough water is frozen inside a pipe, it will swell to a point when it won’t fit anymore. It will lead to cracking and breaking of the pipe wall. You may not notice a pipe is damaged until after it’s re-thawed. This resource from the American Red Cross gives further detail.
What kind of pipes are affected?
This can happen in any pipes or fixtures containing water that are exposed to the elements. Primarily these are going to be copper, PEX, CPVC, PVC, and other poly pipes. However, this can also occur in drain pipes, particularly where you find a “belly” in the slope or in P-traps.
Where do pipes freeze?
The most common place for frozen pipes is in your home’s crawlspace. However, if not properly insulated, pipes can freeze in the attack too. Even if you house is heated, these other areas may not receive the structure’s warmth and lead to plumbing problems.
It’s also possible for buried water pipes to freeze, if installed too shallow. Here in Forsyth County, NC outside water pipes must be 18″ below the top of the soil or deeper to prevent freezing.
What can I do to prevent damage?
If you suspect your pipes might be in danger of freezing. They should be insulated or even have some heat tape added to them. Both are available are most hardware stores. However, if you’d like a professional to see how to evade this kind of trouble or if you suspect you already have a leak, please call our office and schedule a technician to come out as soon as possible. Call 336-924-1584 or fill out our contact form.
